To understand the nature and types of unemployment, Shri Raj Krishna committee in 2011-12 gave four measures. These measures explain the ways a person can be called unemployed.
The measures are:
1. Time:
- If a person has willingness and capacity to work but does not get work of more than 28 hours a week, he is considered to be ‘intensively unemployed’.
- A person who is employed for more than 28 hours but less than 48 hours a week then he is considered ‘less intensively unemployed’.
2. Income:
When a person earns only that much money which cannot alleviate his poverty than from income point of view he is poor. This type of poverty is seen widely in rural India.
For example, a person needs to earn Rs. 30,000/- per month to cover his monthly expenses but earns only Rs. 15,000/-.
Willingness:
When a person is capable of getting a good job but does not get a job as per his capability and so he accepts job of a lower level compared to his capability which then earns him very less income then he is underemployed. For example, a person with C.A. degree works as a clerk.
Productivity:
If a worker who has a higher productivity gets less work then he will be able to produce less in spite of the fact that he is more productive.
For example, a person can make 20 meter clothes in a day but gets a job where he can make only 10 meter clothes.
By considering the above measures, unemployment can be of following types:
- Open unemployment
- Under-employment
- Disguised unemployment
