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Write about the progress made by ancient India in mathematics.

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India has made a notable contribution in the field of mathematics. India’s some of the finest gifts to the world are discovery of ‘0’ (zero), decimal system, algebra, theorem of Baudhayana, Geometry and Arithmetic. Aryabhatta discovered ‘zero’ (0) whereas the knowledge of writing zero after figures was discovered by the sage named ‘Grutsamad’. The ancient Indian mathematicians gave the names of the numbers formed by placing up to 53 zeros after 1 (one). Archaeologists found out that the measuring and weighing instruments of Harappa’ and ‘Mohenjodaro’ used decimal system.

“Medhatithi’, the great mathematician, gave the concept of this decimal system. Bhaskaracharya wrote books ‘Lilawati Ganit’ and “By Ganit’ in 1150 AD. He discovered signs of addition (+) and subtraction (-). Brahmagupta gave the knowledge about the types of equations in Mathematics. Baudhayana gave another version of Pythagoras theorem. Around 800 BC., ‘Aapstambha’ wrote a book called ‘Shulba Sutra’. In this book, he gave the method to accurately calculate dimensions for constructing altars needed for sacrifice. These sacrificial pits were also called ‘yagyavedis’ and were used for Vedic yagyas. His book also contains analysis of several principles.

Aryabhatta is known as the ‘father of Mathematics’. He wrote a book called ‘Hryabhattiyam’. In this book, he gave an approximate value of x(Pi) as ‘3.14 or say 22/7’, He also suggested that rc(pi) is the consant which works as a multiplier in the equation of circumference and diameter of circle. He also gave information about Ashtang method of multiplication, addition, subtraction, square-root, cube-root, etc.

Aryabhatta also wrote books like ‘Dash Gitika’ and ‘Aryabhattiyam’. In his book ‘Aryasiddhanta’, he had described the main principles of astronomy. He also found the solution of various fundamentals of arithmetic and geometry. Apart from this, many scholars have contributed various aspects of mathematics in their works and books. Two of these scholars were Katyayan and Bhaskaracharya.

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