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Production of recombinant proteins involves culturing microbial cells in fermenter. The whole cells and cellular debris are removed. The resulting fermentation broth will contain the extracellular proteins. Consider the case study involving the downstream processing of the antibiotic streptomycin from large scale fermentation. A table featuring the purification steps that were used is as follows:

(i) Name two metabolite specific methods that have been employed in the given protocol. 

(ii) Apart from sedimentation, which other techniques can be used to separate microbial cells from fermentation broth?

(iii) Why is it preferable to perform the purification of a metabolite in lesser number of steps?

OR

(iii) State two ways which can help in detection and confirmation of a microbial strain.

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(i) Metabolite specific purification methods used are solvent extraction/ ion exchange chromatography/ salt precipitation.

(ii) Flocculation/ Centrifugation/Ultrafiltration.

(iii) For higher yields/higher stability of proteins/ cost reduction.

OR

(iii) Using specific Antibodies and probes which enable the detection of the organism capable of producing specific products.

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