Question

Name the pioneer species on a bare rock. How do they help in establishing the next type of vegetation? Mention the type of climax community that will ultimately get established.

Answer 1

The pioneer species on a bare rock are usually lichens. The lichens secrete acids to dissolve rocks which help in weathering and formation of small amount of soil. Now these suitable conditions help in establishing small plants like bryophytes. They are, with time, succeeded by bigger plants, and after several more stages, ultimately a climax community is formed. The climax community is forest.