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in Chemistry by (74.3k points)

Explain how does the –OH group attached to a carbon of benzene ring activate it towards electrophilic substitution?

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The electron charge density is increased on Benzene ring due to transfer of one lone pair of electron from the oxygen to benzene ring. So, the benzene ring is activated by –OH group.

The negative charge is developed at Ortho and Para position. Therefore any electrophile can attack only on these positions to give a mixture of ortho and para substituted products.

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