Performance-enhancing substances (PESs) are used commonly by children and adolescents in attempts to improve athletic performance. More recent data reveal that these same substances often are used for appearance-related reasons as well. PESs include both legal over-the-counter dietary supplements and illicit pharmacologic agents. This report reviews the current epidemiology of PES use in the pediatric population, as well as information on those PESs in most common use.
The performance enhancing substances are as follows: The use of drugs to enhance performance is considered unfair and puts the health of athlete at high risk like
(a) Mechanical aids :- It includes altitude training, aqua training, elastic cord, treadmills, vibration training, weight training etc.
(b) Pharmacological aids :- It includes Anabolic steriod, beta blockers, caffeine, choline, sodium bicarbonate. These are all banned by IOC in sports.
(c) Physiological aids :- It includes Herbal medicines, sports massage, sauna, Human Growth hormones.
(d) Nutritional aids :- They are like Bicarbonate of soda, carbohydrate loading, creatine, sports drinks.
(e) Psychological aids :- These includes mediation, motivation, centering, cheering, Relaxation. Most of these are valid and applicable in sports.