Consider a vector field vector A(r). The closed loop line integral ∮(A . dl)vector can be expressed as
(a) ∮∮(∇ × vector A)ds over the closed the closed volume bounded by the loop
(b)∮∮∮(∇ . vector A)dv over the closed volume bounded by the loop
(c)∫∫∫(∇ x A)dv over the open volume bounded by the loop
(d)∫∫(∇ x A)ds over the open surface bounded by the loop
