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How did the Non-Cooperation Movement spread to the countryside and drew into its fold the struggles of peasants and tribal communities? Elaborate. 

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(i) Struggle of Peasants in Awadh and formation of Kisan Sabhas 

(a) In Awadh, the peasant movement was led by Baba Ramchandra-a sanyasi who had earlier worked in Fiji as an indentured labourer. 

(b) The movement here was against talukdars and landlords who demanded high rents from the peasants. 

(c) Peasants had to do begar and work at landlords' farms without any payment. 

(d) The peasant movement demanded reduction of revenue, abolition of begar and social boycott of oppressive landlords. 

(e) In many places Nai-Dhobhi bandhs were organised to deprive landlords of the services of even washermen and barbers. 

(f) Jawaharlal Nehru began talking to the villagers and formed 'Oudh Kisan Sabha'. 

(g) Within a month, over 300 branches had been set up in the villages around the region. 

(h) As the movement spread in 1921, the houses of talukdars and merchants were attacked, bazaars were looted and grain hoards were taken over.

(ii) Struggle of the Tribals in the Gudem Hills of Andhra Pradesh 

(a) In the Gudem Hills of Andhra Pradesh, tribals started a movement under the leadership of Alluri Sitaram Raju. 

(b) Tribals wanted to get back their traditional rights over forests. 

(c) Alluri Sitaram Raju led the movement of the tribal people in the Gudem hills of Andhra Pradesh. 

(d) Many people considered him as an incarnation of God. They believed that he had many special powers. 

(e) He supported Gandhiji and asked his followers to wear khadi and stop drinking. But, he organised an armed struggle against the British.

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