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in Psychology by (71.1k points)

Pain is produced by 

A. Potassium ions more than by sodium ions. 

B. Occluding the circulation to an exercising limb for five minutes. 

C. Occluding the circulation to a resting limb for five minutes. 

D. Raised tissue endorphin levels. 

E. Thawing of tissue frozen during frostbite.

1 Answer

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A. True Injections of isotonic potassium but not sodium into the skin are extremely painful. 

B. True Due to the accumulation of pain-producing metabolites when blood flow is inadequate to clear the metabolites generated by muscle exercise. 

C. False Accumulation of such metabolites is very slow in the resting limb; with more prolonged occlusion, anaesthesia due to nerve hypoxia usually occurs before metabolite retention in the tissues rises to the levels needed to stimulate pain nerve endings. 

D. False Endorphins inhibit pain pathways. 

E. True Thawing releases pain mediators and restores function to numbed nerves.

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