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Precise measurements of physical quantities are a need of modern times. For example, to ascertain the speed of an enemy fighter plane must have an accurate method to find its positions at closely separated instants of time. Only then we can hope to shell by an anti- aircraft gun. This was the actual motivation behind the discovery of radar in world war II. Think of different examples in modern science where precision measurements of length, time, mass etc. are needed. Also, wherever you can,give a quantitative idea of the precision needed.

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(i) Measurement of length: Precision measurement of length is needed to determine the inter- atomic distance is crystals in the field of crystallography.

(ii) Measurement of time: In Michelson - Morley experiment, Precision measurement of time was needed. The time interval was measured  in terms of shift of the interference pattern of light. This measurement is responsible for the formulation of the theory of relativity by Einstein.

(iii) Measurement of mass: Precision measurement of mas of an atom is made by a mas spectrometer. This has verified the relation,

m =(m0√(1-v2/c2))

Where m is the mass of a particle moving with velocity v and m0 is the rest mass.

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