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Give a brief account of viruses with respect to their structure and nature of genetic material. Also name four common viral diseases.

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Virus contains genetic material surrounded by a protein capsule. The protein coat on the virus is called capsid. It is made up of small subunits called capsomeres. The capsid protects the nucleic acid. The capsomeres are arranged in helical or polyhedral geometric forms.

The genetic material can be either RNA or DNA. Both RNA and DNA cannot be present in the same virus. Plant infecting viruses usually have single-stranded RNA and animal infecting viruses usually have double-stranded RNA or double-stranded DNA. Bacteriophages (bacterial viruses) usually have double-stranded DNA.

Four common viral diseases are: Common cold, mumps, jaundice and influenza.

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