The regulation of respiration is done by the neural system. The respiratory rhythm centre is present in the medulla and is mainly responsible for the regulation of respiration. Another region; called pneumotaxic centre is present in the pons. The pneumotaxic centre can moderate the functions of the respiratory rhythm centre.
A chemosensitive area is situated adjacent to the rhythm centre. This is highly sensitive to CO2 and hydrogen ions. Increase in these substances can activate this chemosensitive area.
This; in turn; gives signal to the rhythm centre to make necessary adjustments in the respiratory process so that these substances can be eliminated.
Receptors associated with aortic arch and carotid artery can also recognize changes in CO2 and H+ concentration. These receptors send necessary signals to the rhythm centre for corrective actions.
It is important to remember that the role of oxygen in the regulation of respiratory rhythm is quite insignificant.