(i) The widespread use of coal in homes and industries in 19th century England raised serious problems. Shopkeepers, homeowners and others complained about the black fog, grey skies and black vegetation. All these factors caused bad temper, smoke-related illness and dirty clothes. Congestion in the city also led to a yearning for the clean air.
(ii) As a result, the demand for new 'lungs' for the city was made. Large blocks of apartments were built and rent control was introduced to ease the housing problem.
(iii) 'Garden City' of New Earswick was designed with common garden spaces and landscaping.
(iv) Between the two World Wars (1919-39), the responsibility for housing the working classes was accepted by the British state and million houses, most of which were single-family cottages, were built by local authorities.
(v) The British Government built single-family cottages for the working classes and the London underground work was started to enable the workers to reach their workplace.
