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Give a brief account on the characters of Tunicates. 

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  • They are exclusively marine and are commonly called sea squirts, Mostly sessile, 
  • Some pelagic or free swimming, exist as solitary and colonial forms.
  • Body - unsegmented and covered by a test or tunic. 
  • Adult forms are sac like. 
  • Coelom is absent, but has an atrial cavity surrounding the pharynx. 
  • Notochord -present only in the tail region of the larval stage, hence named urochordata. 
  • Digestive system : complete 
  • Circulatory system - open type. 
  • The heart is ventral and tubular. 
  • Respiration is through gill slits and clefts. 
  • Dorsal tubular nerve cord is present only in the larval stage and a single dorsal ganglion is present in the adults. 
  • Mostly hermaphrodites, 
  • Development indirect and includes a free swimming tadpole larva with chordate characters.
  • Declining metamorphosis is seen. eg. Ascidia.

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