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Write short notes on

(a) Lysosomes

(b) Vacuoles

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(a) Lysosomes: It is a membrane-bound vesicular structure formed by the process of packaging in the Golgi bodies. They are found to be very rich in hydrolytic enzymes like lipases, proteases, carbohydrases, etc. which help in digesting carbohydrates proteins, lipids and nucleic acids.

(b) Vacuoles: Vacuole is the membrane-bound space found in the cytoplasm which contain water, sap, excretory product and other unwanted materials for the cell. It is bound by a single membrane called tonoplast. In plants, vacuoles can occupy 90% volume of the cell and tonoplast facilitates the transport of a member of ions and other materials against a concentration gradient into the vacuole. 

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