(i) Let X = (a, b) and Y = (c, d) ∈ A, ∀ a, c ∈ R0 and b, d ∈ R
Then, X O Y = (ac, bc + d)
And Y O X = (ca, da + b)
S0,
X O Y = Y O X, ∀ X, Y ∈ A
Thus, O commutative on A.
Let us check the associativity of O
Let X = (a, b), Y = (c, d) and Z = (e, f), ∀ a, c, e ∈ R0 and b, d, f ∈ R
X O (Y O Z) = (a, b) O (ce, de + f)
= (ace, bce + de + f)
(X O Y) O Z = (ac, bc + d) O (e, f)
= (ace, (bc + d) e + f)
= (ace, bce + de + f)
So, X O (Y O Z) = (X O Y) O Z, ∀ X, Y, Z ∈ A
(ii) Let E = (x, y) be the identity element in A with respect to O, ∀ x ∈ R0 and y ∈ R
Such that,
XOE = X = EOX, ∀ X ∈ A
XOE = X and EOX = X
(ax, bx +y) = (a, b) and (xa, ya + b) = (a, b)
Consider (ax, bx + y) = (a, b)
ax = a
x = 1
And bx + y = b
y = 0 [since x = 1]
Consider (xa, ya + b) = (a, b)
xa = a
x = 1
And ya + b = b
y = 0 [since x = 1]
So, (1, 0) is the identity element in A with respect to O.
(iii) Let F = (m, n) be the inverse in A ∀ m ∈ R0 and n ∈ R
X O F = E and F O X = E
(am, bm + n) = (1, 0) and (ma, na + b) = (1, 0)
Consider (am, bm + n) = (1, 0)
am = 1
m = 1/a
And bm + n = 0
n = -b/a [since m = 1/a]
Consider (ma, na + b) = (1, 0)
ma = 1
m = 1/a
And na + b = 0
n = -b/a
So, the inverse of (a, b) ∈ A with respect to O is (1/a, -1/a)