1. Young’s modulus (y): It is defined as the ratio of longitudinal stress to the longitudinal strain.
y = (Longitudinal stress/Longitudinal strain)
where F - Longitudinal force,
L - original length,
dl - change in length,
A - area of cross-section of the wire.
2. Rigidity modulus (η): It is defined as the ratio of shearing stress to the shearing strain.
η = (Shearing stress/Shearing strain)
where F - tangential force,
A - area of the surface,
h - height of the surface,
x - displacement of the surface
3. Bulk modulus (K) : It is defined as the ratio of bulk stress to the bulk strain. Bulk modulus is given by,
where F/A = P - pressure, V is the original volume and dV is the change in volume.
