Question

Explain any five institutional and technical reforms brought by the government to improve the condition of Indian Agriculture.

Answer 1

(i) Land reforms: Collectivisation, consolidation of holdings, cooperation and abolition of zamindari.

(ii) Agricultural reforms: Green revolution and White revolution.

(iii) Land development programmes: Provision for crop insurance against drought, flood, cyclone, etc., establishment of Grameen banks, Cooperative societies and banks for providing loans.

(iv) Issuing of Kissan Credit Card and Personal Accident Insurance Scheme, etc.

(v) Special weather bulletins and agricultural programmes for farmers on radio and TV.

(vi) Government announces Minimum Support Price (MSP) and remunerative and procurement prices to clreck exploitation.

(vii) The government provides HYV seeds and fertilisers.

(viii) Government provides technical assistance and training for farmers.

(ix) Soil testing facilities, cold storage and transportation facilities are provided by government for farmers.

Answer 2

 Agriculture is considered to be the backbone of Indian economy. However, agriculture in India suffers from various problems. Dependency of farmers on rainfall, their exploitation by the middlemen, exorbitant rates of interest charged by the moneylenders, use of old aged weapons are some of the problems from which the Indian agriculture suffers. In order to improve the condition of farmers and farming, some reforms were introduced by the government of India. 

These are

(i)Provision for crop insurance against drought, flood, cyclone, fire and disease. 

(ii)Establishment of Grameen banks, cooperative societies and banks for providing loan facilities to the farmers at lower rates of interest.

(iii)Kissan Credit Card (KCC), Personal Accident Insurance Scheme (PAIS) schemes is introduced by the Government of India for the benefit of the farmers.

(iv)Moreover, special weather bulletins and agricultural programmes for farmers have been introduced on the radio and television.

(v)The government had also announced minimum support price, remunerative and procurement prices for important crops to check the exploitation of farmers by speculators and middlemen.