1. Use of nonconventional sources of energy:
India is hugely dependent on thermal and hydro power plants to meet its power needs both of these have adverse environmental impacts, thermal powerplants emit large quantities of carbon dioxide which is a green house gas. Hydroelectric project inundate forests and interfere with the natural flow of water in catchment areas and the river basins.
2. LPG, Gobar gas in rural areas:
Households in rural areas generally use wood, dung cake or other biomass as fuel. This practice has several adverse implication like deforestation reduction in green cover, wastage cattle dung and air pollution. To rectify the situation subsidised LPG is provided and gobargas plants are provided. LPG is a cleanfiiel it reduces household pollution to a largeextent. Also, energy wastage is minimised.
3. CNG in urban areas:
In Delhi, the use of compressed natural gas (CNG) as fuel in public transport system has significally lowered airport and the air has become cleaner in the last year.
4. Wind power:
In areas where speed of wind is usually high. Windmills can provide electricity without any adverse impact on the environment. Wind turbines move with the wind and electricity is generated. No doubt, the initial cost is high. But the benefits are such that the high costs get easily absorbed.
5. Solar power through photovoice cells:
India is naturally endowed with a large quantity of solar energy in the form of solar energy in the form of sunlight. We use it in different way. eg. we use sunlight. We use sunlight to get the clothes grains dried to keep our body warm in winter with the help of photovaUic cells. Solar energy can be converted into electricity. These cells use special kind of materials to capture solar energy and then convert the energy into electricity. This energy is extremely useful for remote area and for place where supply of power through grid or power lines is either not possible or powers very costly.
6. Mini – hydel plants:
Mountainous regions, stream can be found almost everywhere. A large percentage of such streams are perennial. Mini hydel plants use to energy of such streams to move smaU turbines the turbines generate electricity which can be used locally, such power plants are more or less environment-friendly as they do not use pattern in areas where they are located, they generate enough power to meet local demands. This shows that they can reduce the requirement of large scale transmission tower and cables and avoid transmission loss.
7. Traditional knowledge and practices :
TraditionaUy, Indian people have been close to their environment. They have been move a component of environment and not its controUer. With the sudden onslaught of the western system of treatment. We were ignoring our traditional system such as Ayurveda, Unani, Tibetan and folk systems. Nowadays every cosmetic produce, hair oU, toothpaste, body lotion, face cream and what not is herbal in composition, not only are these products environmentfriendly, they are relatively free from side effects and do not large scale industrial and chemical processing.
8. Biocomposting:
In our quest to increase agricultural production during the last five decades or so, we almost totally neglected the use of compost and competely switched our to chemical fertilisers. The result is that large tracts of productive land have been adversly affected.
Water bodies including groundwater system have suffered due to chemical contamination and demand for irrigation has been going up year after year. In certain parts of the country, cattle are maintained only because they produce dung which is an important fertilizer and soil conditioner earthworms can convert organic matter into compost faster than the normal composting process. This process is now being willdely used.
9. Bio pest control:
With the advent of green revolution, the entire country entered into a frenzy to use more and more chemical pesticides for higher yield. soon, the adverse impacts began to show food products were contaminated, soil, water bodies and even groundwater. Water was polluted with pesticides, even milk, meat and fishes were found to be contaminated. To meet his challenge efforts are on to bring better method of post control with use of pesticides like neem are proving to be quite useful. Mixed cropping and growing different crops in consecutive years on the same land have also helped farmers.
