Liberalisation: Liberalisation refers to the removal of unnecessary controls and restrictions of the government in the form of licences, permits and quotas. India initiated liberalisation of industries in 1991. Liberalisation of industries in India took the following form.
Features of Liberalisation :
(i) Freedom of opening/starting production units.
(ii) Use of new machines and technology.
(iii) No government interference in production.
(iv) Free flow of foreign investment.
Privatisation: Privatisation refers to the gradual transfer of ownership or management of state owned enterprises from the public sector to the private sector enterprises. It implies assigning a greater role to the private sector undertakings. In India, privatisation was followed in the following manner.
Features of Privatization:
(i) Reduction in extra burden on government.
(ii) Control over poor performance of public sec-tor.
(iii) Check on high-handedness of bureaucracy.
(iv) Disinvestment (sale of shares in PSUs to
public)
Globalisation: Globalisation refers to the process of integration of various economies of the world. It is the process associated with increasing openness, growing economic independence and promoting economic integration in the world economy. In India, the following policies were followed with regard to globalisation.
Features of Globalization:
(i) It results in integration of world economies that
helps in raising world production.
(ii) It helps in removing inefficiency from industrial
units.
(iii) It helps in improving allocative efficiency of
resources.
(iv) It encourages global competition which reduces
costs and improves quality.
