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Explain the uses and types of coal in India.

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Uses : 

  • Coal is source of energy and raw material for many Chemical Industries. ‘ 
  • It provides many by-products i.e., tar, napthaline, ammonia gas, coal gas, benezol etc.
  • These are used in the manufacture of synthetic fibres, rubber, plastic, explosives, dyes and insecticides.

Types : On the basis of its Carbon content, colour and heating intensity etc. 

They are as follows:

1. Anthracite 

2. Bituminous 

3. Lignite 

4. Peat.

1. Anthracite : This is the best variety of coal. It contains 80-90 percent of Carbon.

  • It is very hard, compact and black in colour. 
  • It produce more heat than any other form of coal. 
  • It ignites slowly and bums with a nice short blue flame without producing smoke. 
  • It is found in Jammu and Kashmir and it is mainly used for Central heating, steam in ship and boilers.

2. Bituminous: 

  • It contains 50-80 percent of Carbon and found in abundance. 
  • It is relatively hard and black in colour. 
  • Mainly it is used in steel industry and thermal power generation.

3. Lignite: 

  • It is low grade Variety of coal. 
  • It contains only 40-55 percent of Carbon. 
  • Its colour is dark to black brown. 
  • It will give more ash and moisture generation of thermal power, fertilizers and gas.

4. Peat:

  • It contains less than 40 percent of Carbon. Therefore it is inferior in quality. 
  • It gives less heat, but releases more smoke, and a lot of ash after burning. 
  • So it is mainly used in the thermal power plants and fertilizer industries.

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