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Why is nitric acid is added to Sodium extract before adding Silver nitrate for testing halogens? 

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Nitric acid is added to decompose NaCN and Na2

 NaCN + HNO3 → NaNO3 + HCN 

 Na2S + 2HNO3 → 2NaNO3 + H2

H2S and HCN are gases and are escaped from the reaction vessel and do not interfere with the test.  

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