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Describe the alimentary canal of man

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Buccal Cavity: 

  • Generally called as mouth and it consists of tongue, teeth and salivary gland. 
  • It is the entry site for the food to digestive system. 
  • Food is breakdown into simpler molecules by mastication in buccal cavity and salivary amylase breaks Starch into simpler carbohydrates in the Buccal cavity. 

Oesophagus: 

  • Buccal cavity is connected to long tube like structure called as Oesophagus.
  • Oesophagus connects the buccal cavity to stomach and assists in flow of food towards stomach.
  •  Oesophagus has a valve to prevent backflow of food particles. 

Stomach: 

  • Stomach is a J Shaped organ which has gastric glands in it. 
  • Gastric glands secrets Hydrochloric acid, Pepsin and Mucus that helps in the digestion of food.

Small Intestine: 

  • Small intestine is highly coiled long structure. Small intestine performs major of the food absorption. 
  • Small intestine has specialized structures that facilitate absorption of digested food. 
  • Small intestine has number of folds that increase the area of absorption. 
  • Small intestine also has finger like projection called microvilli which are richly supplied by blood vessels. 

Large Intestine : 

  • This is shorter than small intestine and its lumen is larger than that of Small intestine.
  • The major function of the large intestine is to absorb water from the remaining indigestible food matter and transmit the useless waste material from the body. 

Rectum: 

  • Large Intestine open into rectum. 
  • Waste materials and undigested food are stored in rectum. 

Anus: 

  • It is the opening at the end of alimentary canal. 
  • Solid waste materials leave the body through Anus.

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