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in Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure by (49.4k points)

What do you mean by term bond order? Calculate the bond order of: N2, C2, H2, N2.

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Bond order is defined as one half the difference between the number of electrons present in the bonding and the anti-bonding orbitals.
Bond order (B.O.) = 1/2 (Nb – Na)
where, Nb and Na are number of electrons in bonding and anti bonding molecular orbitals respectively. Integral bond order values of 1, 2 or 3 correspond to single, double or triple bonds respectively.

A positive bond order (i.e., Nb > Na) means a stable molecule while a negative (i.e., Nb < Na) or zero (i.e., Nb = Na) bond order means an unstable molecule.

(a) Bond order of N2
Molecular orbital electronic configuration of N2

Number of bonding electrons = 10
Number of anti-bonding electrons = 4
Bond order of nitrogen molecule = 1/2 (10 – 4) = 3

(b) Bond order of C2
Total number of electrons in C2 molecule is 6 + 6 = 12.
Molecular orbital electronic configuration of C2:

The bond order is 2 and so carbon molecule will have a double bond.

(c) Bond order of H-2
Total number of electrons = 2 + 1 = 3
Molecular orbital electron is configuration

(d) Bond order of N-2
Total number of electrons = 14 + 1 = 15
Molecular orbital electronic configuration

Electrons in bonding orbitals : 10
Electrons in anti bonding orbitals : 5
Bond order of N-2 = 1/2(10 – 5) = 2.5

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