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Tl shows (+1) and (+3) oxidation states. Why?

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Tl shows (+1) and (+3) oxidation states. Why?

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Thallium (Tl) shows +1 and +3 oxidation states because on moving down the group 13, the +1 state becomes more stable as compared to +3 due to inert pair effect. The two electrons present in the s-shell (ns2np1) are strongly attracted by the nucleus and do not participate in bonding.

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