It refers to those executives who are basically concerned with the personal observation and direction of Operative employees. They include managers,just above the workers or the operative employees. They are more concerned with directing and controlling functions, of management. Functions, of lower level of management are :
1. To maintain-good .human relations in their units.
2. IV coordinate‘between different operative units.
3. To evaluate the performance of workers.
4. To maintain loyalty and discipline in the entire organisation.