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In what respects is the criterion used by the UNDP for measuring development different from the one used by the World Bank? Explain.

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UNDP ( United Nations Development Programme) compares countries on the basis of educational level of people, their health status and per capita income per annum while the criterion used by World Bank is merely that of per capita income or average income for measuring development. 

In short, Human Development criterion is used by UNDP whereas only economic development by the World Bank.

(i) Average Income/Per Captia Income. It is used as a criterion because it gives some idea about the rising standard of living of people.

(ii) Rich Countries. Countries which had per capita income of $10,066 per annum and above in 2004 (According to World Development Report 2006).

(iii) Low-income countries. Countries which have per capita income of $825 or less in 2004 (According to WDR 2006).

(iv) Limitation of this criterion is that average income or per capita income is not the only factor important for development. This factor hides the other important factor—‘Distribution of Income’ which also affects development. Higher average income along with equitable distribution of income is considered favourable for development.

(v) Criterion by UNDP for measuring development: It calculates human Development index which is the simple average of three indices—Longevity, Knowledge/Educational attainment and per capita real GDP. Different countries are rated between 0 to 1.

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