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Write a brief note on the history of tissue culture

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Plant tissue culture was first of all successfully conducted by Haberland (1902). This was the beginning of the culture of a plant cell under aseptic condition. Extensive work was carried out by various scientist in this field and presently it is widely used for regeneration of commercially useful Novel plants and also for developing transgenic plants. 

Modern Cell theory: 

  • A cell is a structural, functional and fundamental unit of life. 
  • New cells arise from pre-existing cells. 
  • All types of metabolic reactions take place in the cell.
  • Genetic information is transferred from one generation to next through cells. 

According to cell theory, each and every cell of any plant posses all characteristics through which the whole plant can be regenerated. The capacity of producing complete plant from any cell is called “Totipotency”. The term totipotency was first of all used by Morgan (1909). 

Due to this totipotency property, the whole plant can be regenerated from a plant cell. This was experimentally proved by Haberlandt (1902). Most of the animals lack the property of totipotency. Culture of plant protoplast, cell, tissue, organ or complete system on chemically known medium under sterile and controlled conditions is called Tissue culture. 

Plant tissue culture was first of all conducted by a German scientist, Gottlieb Haberlandt (1902).

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