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in Basic Elements of Indian Federal System by (48.9k points)

Write a descriptive note on the features of Indian Federal system.

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The features of Indian Federal System : 

The features of Indian federal system are as follows : 

i. Supremacy of the constitution : 

Indian constitution is the highest law of the country. The Parliament of India and Vidhan Mandal get their powers from the constitution only. The laws which are not according to the constitution are declared illegal by the Supreme Court. The President, Governor, and other persons holding major posts take oath to work according to the constitution.

ii. Clear distribution of governmental power : 

The Governmental powers have been distributed between the centre and the states as follows : 

1. The Union list: The list contains 97 subjects on which the centre has the right to enact laws. 

2. The State List: In this list there are 66 subjects on which the state governments have the right to enact laws. 

3. Concurrent List: The list contains 47 subjects on which both the centre and the state governments have the right to enact laws. Residuary powers are vested with the central government.

iii. Impartial and Independent judiciary : 

To have an impartial and independent judiciary is essential for the proper functioning of a federal system. Only this can establish the rule of law, and disputes between the centre and the states can be resolved as per the provisions of the constitution. The supreme court is the apex and the only judicial institution to adjudicate in such cases.

iv. The post of the governor : 

The governor is an important organ of Indian federal system. The governor is appointed by the centre and works in the state as the representative of the central government.

v. Single citizenship : 

Contrary to the provision of traditional federalism, there is a provision of single citizenship in the Indian federalism.

vi. Unitary Dominance : 

Indian federal system may be said to be basically a system of federal dominance. It was natural to make the centre powerful to keep the unity and integrity of the country safe and secure. Although some separatist thoughts and Leftist political parties object to this unitary tendency. Infact, the centre has the decisive role through several provisions. In matters of amendment in the constitution, creation of new states, redistribution of boundaries, emergency provisions, economic rights, the status of the centre has been made powerful and decisive.

vii. The Rajya Sabha : 

The House representing the states in the Central Legislature : To empower the federalism of the country, only the upper house of the Indian legislature, the Rajya Sabha, has been established as a representative institution of the states.

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