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Explain Mendel’s Law of Segregation with suitable example.

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Law of Segregation: This is also known as law of purity of gametes. As per this law, during the gametogeneis of heterozygous plant, each gene of a pair of allele goes to different gametes. Because of segregation of genes of a pair of alleles, it is called the law of segregation. Example: When a homozygous tall plant (TT) is crosses with a homozygous short plant (tt), all the plants of F1 generation are tall plants (Tt) but heterozygous. But during the combination of genes in F1 generation, one gene does not pollute another gene and each gene maintains its purity. Due to this, when plants of F1 generation are allowed to produce the next generation, the recessive character, i.e. shortness expresses itself. This can be shown by the given diagram:

In the F2 generation, the ratio of tall plants to short plants is 3 : 1 and ratio of pure tall plants, impure tall plants and pure short plants is 1 : 2 : 1. A character which does not appear in the F1 generation is able to express itself in the F2 generation because it obeys the law of segregation.

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