Following are Mendel’s Laws of Inheritance:
Law of Dominance: When a pair of contrasting characters is crossed then only one of the characters is expressed in F1 generation. This is called law of dominance. For example, when a homozygous tall plant (TT) is crossed with a homozygous short plant (tt), then all the plants of F1 generation are tall (Tt) because tallness is the dominant character. Law of Segregation: This is also known as law of purity of gametes. As per this law, during the gametogeneis of heterozygous plant, each gene of a pair of allele goes to different gametes. Because of segregation of genes of a pair of alleles, it is called the law of segregation. For example, when a homozygous tall plant (TT) is crosses with a homozygous short plant (tt), all the plants of F1 generation are tall plants (Tt) but heterozygous. But during the combination of genes in F1 generation, one gene does not pollute another gene and each gene maintains its purity. Due to this, when plants of F1 generation are allowed to produce the next generation, the recessive character, i.e. shortness expresses itself. Law of Independent Assortment: When plants with two or more than two characters are crossed then expression of one character does not affect the expression of another character. Genes from a pair of alleles segregate and are free to combine with any other gene from any other pair of alleles. This is called law of independent assortment.
