Dr. Vikram Sarabhai is known as the father of Indian Space Programme. ISRO (Indian Space Research Organisation) is for higher level space research programmes. Indian Space Research Organisation was established in the year 1969 on 15th August. Indian space research journey is very long and significant; which can be described from first satellite Aryabhata (1975) to the present Mangalyaan (2013). Indian Astrophysicist Dr. Subrahmanyam Chandrashekhar was awarded Nobel prize in the year 1983 for Chandrashekhar Limit.
According to this, mass of all the White Dwarfs stars is in the limit given by Chandrashekhar Limit. If the mass of a star becomes 1.44 times the mass of the Sun then it will become a Black hole. In his honour, NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) established an X-ray laboratory dedicated to the study of stars in the year 1999.
Principles of Dr. C.V. Raman and Shri Meghnad were also useful in spaceworks. Shri Vikram Sarabhai established Physical Research Laboratory in Ahemedabad.
India’s first satellite was made by ISRO, which was launched by Soviet Union on 19th April 1975. Rohini satellite was launched by Indian launching I vehicle SLV-3 in the year 1980 from Sriharikota. This was first launch by India. In the year 2014 a heavy satellite GSAT-14 was projected in its orbit by GSLV-D5. ISRO constructed Indian cryogenic engine for this. After this first successful flight India has become the sixth country to have this technique in the world. After this GSAT-6 vehicle was successfully launched on 27th August 2015 by GSLV-D6. On July 2012, former President of India and ‘Missile Man’ Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam said that ISRO and DRDO work for making the space techniques less expensive and more efficient. This is the reason that Mangalyaan’s successful launching was less expensive than the Hollywood film ‘Gravity.’
Indian Space Research achievements are as following :
1. In the year 1963, India launched its first rocket from Thumba.
2. In the year 1967, an Experimental Satellite Communication Earth Station was established at Ahmedabad.
3. For various space researches Indian Space Commission and Department of Space was established in the year 1972.
4. On 19th April, 1975 first satellite was launched in the name of great scientist Aryabhatta.
5. Bhaskar-1 was launched in the year 1989.
6. In the year 1981 communication satellite named Apple was launched.
7. INSAT-lA (Indian National Satellite) was launched in the year 1982.
8. INSAT-1B was launched in the year 1983.
9. Shri Rakesh Sharma was the first Astronaut of India in the year 1984.
10. India’s first operational remote sensing satellite was launched in the year 1988.
11. INSAT-ID was launched in the year 1990.
12. INSAT-2C was launched in the year 1995.
13. INSAT-2D was not launched successfully in June 1997, but in September, 1997 IRS-1D was successfully launched.
14. GSLV-D1 was partly successful in the year 2001.
15. In the year 2004, GSLV-EDUSAT was successfully launched.
16. On 22nd October, 2008 Chandrayaan-1 was successfully launched.
17. On 5th November, 2013 Mangalyaan was successfully launched.
18. On 24th September, 2014 Mangalyaan (298 days after launching) successfully established itself in the orbit of Mars.
19. On 5th January, 2014 GSLV-D5 was successfully launched.
20. On 18th December, 2014 the flight of GSLV-MKIII was successful.
21. On 28th September, 2015 India’s first dedicated multi-wavelength space observatory was launched named ‘Astrosat.’
Main Achievements of the Century
Chandrayaan-l made an important discovery by discovering the presence of water molecules on the lunar surface.
Chandrayaan-1 was sent on 22nd October 2008 on the Moon. It was launched by PSLV-Cll from Satish Dhawan Space Center.
Its main objective was to discover water and gas. For this achievement, India has become the sixth country in the world. After its disconnection from the orbit it was closed. According to ISRO’s Head Shri Madhwan Nayar on 30th August 2009 ISRO closed Chandrayaan-1 officially.
According to Times Magazine Mangalyaan was selected in the list of Best Inventions in the year 2014. Mangalyaan’s successful launch was the showcase of Indian scientists talent which establishes themselves in the whole world.
Mangalyaan, Mass Orbitter Mission (MOM) was launched on 5th November, 2013 by ISRO from Shriharikota (Andhra Pradesh).
On 24th September, 2014 India was the first country to reach on Mars in its first attempt. This is a great achievement of Indian scientists and reseaschers.
