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Explain the difference between Political Science and Sociology. 

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Differentiate between Political Science and Sociology.

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Difference between Political Science and Sociology: 

There is a close relationship between Political Science and Sociology and it is not possible to draw a fixed line of difference between them. Yet, the differences between these two can be described as under.

1. Difference in Scope: 

Scope of Political Science is narrow, whereas scope of Sociology is wide. Political Science studies only political relations of man, state and its governance policy, whereas Sociology studies all the aspects of social life and all the social relations of man. Gilchrist, the political thinker, has considered Political Science as a specific science and Sociology as an extensive science.

2. Difference in Purpose: 

Political Science is an idealistic science, whereas Sociology is a descriptive science. Sociology studies only ‘what has happened’ and ‘what is happening’. Sociology does not study the ideal ‘what should be’, but Political Science discusses about ‘what should be’. One purpose of Political Science is to obtain an ideal structure of state and society.

3. Difference in Subject Matter: 

Political Science studies the political aspect of human life. The main topic of its study is the state, whereas Sociology studies all the aspects of human life. It searches about the reasons of origin and development of man and social institutions. Thus the subject matter of Sociology is man and society.

Political Science does not search about the social factors like Sociology does. It works on the assumption that man is a social animal. Political Science starts with the assumption of considering man as a political animal, whereas Sociology analyzes the situation prior to it and tells how and why man become a political creature. Political Science studies only the concrete activities of man, whereas Sociology studies all the activates – concrete and abstract.

4. Difference on basis of being prior: 

Sociology is prior to Political Science. Political Science originated after Sociology. Sociology studies unorganized communities also besides organised communities of the society, whereas Political Science is related only to organised society.

5. Difference in outlook and approach: 

In Political Science, only legal and practical relations of man are studied, whereas Sociology studies not only legal relations, but also the development of traditions, culture, behaviour, ethics, religious and economic life.

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