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in Menstrual Cycle in Woman by (46.2k points)
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Describe the Menstrual cycle in detail.

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Menstrual cycle:

  • It is found only in primate females.
  • Its duration is 28 to 30 days in the woman and 35 days in the chimpanzee.
  • In woman, the menstrual cycle begins at an age of 12 years which is called menarche.
  • The menstrual cycle ceases naturally at an age of 45 to 50 years which is called menopause.

The menstrual phase has 4 phases of viz.

1. Menstrual phase:

  • Its duration is of 3 to 5 days in a woman.
  • Term menstruation means bleeding.
  • During this phase, the blood is released along with dead ovum & pieces of the uterine endometrium.
  • The ovary has immature follicles & corpus Albicans.
  • The body has less estrogen & the progesterone is almost absent.

2. Follicular phase or Proliferative phase:

  • Its duration is of 8 to 10 days.
  • Maximum estrogen in the blood.
  • Formation of Graffian follicles up to the end of this phase.
  • Increased thickness of the uterine wall and increased number of uterine B.Vs. & uterine glands.
  • Blood FSH is increased but blood LH is reduced.

3. Ovulatory phase or recovery phase:

  • There is ovulation which occurs 14th + 2 days in a woman.
  • The ovary has burst Graffian follicle.
  • FSH & Estrogen get lowered slightly.

4. Luteal phase or secretory phase:

  • It is also called as the pre-menstrual phase.
  • It is the longest phase. Its duration in a woman is 12 to 16 days.
  • The ovary shows fully developed corpus luteum.
  • Myomatrium & endomatrium are maximum developed.
  • Maximum estrogen, progesterone & LH in the blood.
  • Uterine glands are completely developed & corkscrew-shaped.
  • The female remains in lateral phase till parturition.
  • If there is no fertilization, the menstrual cycle is repeated.
  • Increase in body temperature

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