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What do you mean by cloning? Explain how first animal clone was produced?

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Cloning:

  • A group of cells or organisms which originate from one parent cell/organism and which are similar physically and genetically to the parent are called a clone. The process of formation of a clone is called cloning. (G. Klon > cutting used for propagation).
  • In simple organisms, the cloning is found in a natural way. But it is lacking in higher animals.
    Identical Twins are also like clones as they are formed by the first division of a single zygote so these two divided cells grow individually and develop into a complete separate embryo.
  • In plants, tissue culture technique is used to make plants. In tissue culture technique a single cell from the desired plant is cultured in a suitable medium

Process of Cloning of Doly:

  • Ian Wilmut and coworkers in (1995) prepared Magon and Morgan clones of sheep by nuclear transplantation from sheep embryo into sheep ovum at Roslin Institute, Scotland. In Feb 1997, Ian Wilmut has produced a clone of an adult lamb named “Dolly”.
  • Further, in July 1997, Ian Wilmut and coworkers prepared sheep clones called Polly and Molly.
  • These clones were created from a single cell taken from the udder of an adult sheep. The complete procedure is shown below.

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