1. Emperor: The idea of divinity in the king was prevalent in China. The king was considered as son and representive of god. He was the supreme authority of religion, rule, justice and law. He used to appoint all kinds of administrative officers. Although the king was supreme, he used to act according to the tradition of the country and the feelings of the people. In addition to this there was an officer called ‘Sensor’ who was the president of the administrative council.
2. Council of ministers: There was a prime minister and a grand council of four ministers for the help and advice of the emperor. Its president was the crown Prince. In addition, there was another committee with six members who were relatively less powerful. They used to handle different departments such as education, law, religion, justice, communication, supply of essential commodities, festivals, war, defense, punishment, public works, etc.
3. Provincial system: China’s empire was divided into many provinces. The boundary of all the provinces was not the same. The governors of the provinces were princes or powerful feudals who were appointed by the emperor. The main work of these officers was security, revenue recovery, justice, correspondence, etc. The Chinese provinces were called ‘Seng’. .
4. Local arrangement: ‘Village’ was the smallest unit of local bodies. The heads of the village’s families chose the leader of the village, who was responsible for the rule. The group of villages were called ‘inferior’. Under each inferior there was a magistrate and a revenue officer. The bigger unit was ‘Fu’, in which two or three ‘inferiors’ were included.
5. Public Serivce Commission: There was a public service commision for selection of administrative officers in China, which organized competitive examinations. This method was initiated by rulers of Han dynasty. The questions were asked on topics like logic, phiolosophy, ethics, justice, health, poetry, etc. This method was an important achievement of China. On the basis of merit, any person could get an official rank by passing this examination.
