(a) Language and Literature: The Chinese rulers standardized the script. After accepting 3300 letters and symbols and becoming a cultural entity, this script became famous in every part of the country. The Chinese script made significant contribution in bringing unity throughout China. Scripts of Japan, Korea and Vietnam were also influenced by the Chinese script.
Paper was invented in the first century AD and this revolutionized the art of writing. After the development of Chinese script and language and the invention of paper, high quality literature was created in China and it became possible to secure it for the future. In addition to literature, Chinese philosophers expressed their views in prose in the language of ordinary people.
The practice of writing history was prevalent from the ancient times. It is said that Confucius wrote a history in which Lu’s state was desribed between 722 to 481 BC. The practice of writing the history of dynasties in China became very strong. At present, the history of 26 dynasties is available. The earliest history of this type was written by Sway-Maa Thayaan. He is respected as the first historian of China.
(b) Science and Technology: China is world famous for gun powder, compass, silk, paper and printing. The invention of water mill and water clock was also done by Chinese. In the field of engineering, they made canals which were 100 miles long. They made lists of stars and constellations group so that they could determine the dates of the eclipses. With the invention of water clocks, the Chinese tried to deal with the floods.
In mathematics, the Chinese people knew the use of decimals, but they did not have knowledge of zero. The Chinese also developed earthquake science and invented a seismic writing machine. By this device they used to detect the starting point of the earthquake. The invention of kite is also attributed to China. China also invented the umbrella.
