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Explain the main features of city planning of Indus-Saraswati Civilization.

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Main features of Indus-Saraswati Civilization: The features of Indus-Saraswati Civilization are the following : 

(i) Planned Roads and Streets: The roads and connecting streets of the cities of Indus-Saraswati Civilization were constructed according to well-laid plan. The roads of cities were straight and intersect each other at right angles, and as a result of this the entire city was divided into square or rectangular segments. The width of these roads is 9 to 34 feet. Garbage bins were kept on intersections and by the roadside to collect trash. Streets were 1 to 2.2 meters wide. A public well was found in each street of Mohanjodaro. The streets and roads were constructed in a proportional way.

(ii) Systematic residential buildings: This civilization’s people took full care of the well organized home architecture in Sindhu-Saraswati’s architectural residential planning. Residence were built according to the specific plan. Each house used to have a bathroom, courtyard and there were rooms around the courtyard. There was also proper arrangement for toilets, kitchens, doors, windows, drains for water extraction, etc. 

(iii) Planned drainage system: The system of drainage was ideal in the Indus Saraswati Civilization. There were drains for carrying the waste water in each house. Road drains were built on both sides of roads. Drains were made from clay, mudclime and gypsum etc. Drains were covered with bricks and stones. After cleaning drains were covered again. The water of the drains would fall further into a larger drain which took the water out of the city. 

(iv) Large common hall: Several large buildings have been found in Indus-Saraswati civilization, such as the Great Bath of Mohanjodaro, Harappan’s fortress, Meeting Hall, Harappa’s granary. The most attractive is the Great Bath of Mohanjodaro. This bathhouse is 39 feet long, 233 feet wide and 8 feet deep. Stairs towards south and north direction are made for this pool. There is also a drainage system in this pool. This bathhouse was used on religious festivals and celebrations. Remains of a huge bathhouse have been found in Harappa’s fort area. In addition to Harappa, we have found remains of granaries from Mohanjodaro and Rakhigarhi. In the Harappan settlements, there were fortifications to protect the city and there were large Public Halls inside the fort.

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