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What do you know about agriculture and animal husbandry in the IndusSaraswati civilization.

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(i) Agriculture: The emergence of big cities with an adequate population of the Indus Saraswati civilization was possible only due to a very fertile land. Most of the cities were located on the banks of the fertile rivers with the facility of irrigation. Cultivation was done at different places in accordance with climate adaptability, land fertility and irrigation facilities.

There is enough evidence of the production of wheat. Barley has also been found in • Harappa and Mohanjodaro. It seems that wheat and barley were the main foodgrains of 9 this civilization. Apart from this, people were also familiar with dates, mustard, sesame seeds, peas, rye and rice. Cotton was cultivated and there would be significant business of textiles production. In the Indus-Saraswati civilization, the world got first evidence of cotton cultivation. Due to the yield in the Sindhu region, the Greeks used the term “syndrome” for cotton. Here the main reason for fertility was the floods in the Indus and Saraswati rivers, which left enough aquifers to bring water into the plains. Perhaps the use of plough was made to till the fields. Kalibanga gives the evidence of farming in the fields.

(ii) Animal husbandry: Cows, bulls, buffaloes, sheep were the main animals to be domesticated. Goats and pigs were also reare. Dogs, cats and other animals were also kept. Elephants and camels were also kept to a lesser extent but their markings on the seals were exuberant. The inhabitants of Sindhu civilization were also familiar with the horse. Three carved statues of a horse and a jaw have been found from Lothal, which is of a horse.

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