The beginning of medieval era in Europe started with the extinction of Roman and Greek civilizations. In the medieval period, church had full control over religious and social life. The atmosphere of traditions, exploitation by clergy, royal misrule and disappointment were there. In such environment in 13th century some circumstances took birth that brought changes in the human thoughts. In such circumstances, human began to give importance to ideals and values that were earlier considered negligible.
The circumstances were as follows :
- Faith towards Materialistic World : During this era, in place of divine or heavenly form the faith towards materiatistic world increased. In human life, the interference and control of religion was opposed. In place of religious congregation, the invididual independence and confidence of people developed.
- Growth of Humanitarianism : In this era, the importance of human life was accepted. According to humanitarianism the objective of life was not to serve God or military achievement but to work for people’s good. Humanitarianism made humans a centre for concentrated right thinking.
- Importance of discussion : The mental consciousness of human received concordance that developed the thoughts of discussion and thinking. With the growth of humanitarianism, the human being got chance to express independently on the wrong doings of religion and society that started the arguments.
- Experience of nature’s beauty : The renunciation of holy books and leaving behind spirituality, human accepted the zest and truth of nature’s beauty, wonderful human love and worldly happiness and worshipped lasting beauty.
- Worldly perspective : Trade connected European residents with people of other countries. There Europeans become worldly while coming in contact through dress sense living habits and culture of other countries. Intellectuals, litterateurs and artists emphasised on the objectives of making human existence purposeful and beautiful.
- Scientific Perspective : By scientific perspective and thoughtful discussion the traditions of Medieval religious books were criticized. In place of ignorance the birth of scientific perspective took place.
- Mental Perspective : The intellectual class tested the belief and popular customs of austerities as important topics of discussion. In connection with religious beliefs and traditions people began to discuss and argue. The above given circumstances in Europe motivated and inspired Renaissance.
