Question

What were the reasons of Industrial Revolution to occur foremost in England ? 

Or 

Why did Industrial Revolution take place in England only ?

Answer 1

In England the industrialisation occurred first. 

The start of Industrial revolution began due to following circumstances:

• Abundance of mineral rich areas : In England the coal and iron mines were in abundance. Their utilisation was nearly in all types of industries. The raw material localities were established wherein raw material was available on cheaper rates. 
• Vast Colonial Empire : Britain had a vast colonial Empire. For example, India was also England’s colony. The raw materials cotton and indigo were sent from India to Britain and the finished goods were prepared by British factories and sold in International market at huge profits. 
• Increase in Population : Due to increase in population, the labourers and skilled manpower were avaialble in abundance. Factories and mills were opened by which the population of cities increased and people began to get employment as workers in factories. 
• The local authority market not to interfere in system : From 17th century the three parts of England, i. e., England, Wales and Scotland were ruled by one King. In the entire state one law system, one monetary system and one market system existed. In this market there was no interfemce of local authority and no tax could be levied on the material that passed through the area. 
• The utility of money in exchange form : Till the 17th century the utility of money was in exchange or barter form. People stated to take earnings instead of things into money form or currency. People were required to spend money and sell goods through the necessary market. In this way market growth occurred that was an important means or concern for industrial revolution. 
• The growth of Bank system : In Britain the growth of banks took place. In 1694 AD the Bank of England was established. This bank was the centre of Financial system. In England till 1784 AD there were more than 100 regional banks through which people could get loans to run set up industries. 
• Political stability : In Britain from 17th century the period of political stability began. In whole of Britain the rule of one king, one law system, one market system kept control on production and sales. 
• Favourable Geographical situation : A major portion of Britain lay on the shores of sea and this was quite beneficial for the cotton industry. This is the reason that textile industry began in England for the first time. 
• Agricultural Revolution : In the 18th century England passed through the phase of Economic change that is called agricultural revolution. In accordance to this, big landlords captured or grabbed the land of small farmers and public land, by which production increased but landless farmer, shepherds and cattle owners went to cities in search of employment. 
• Scientific inventions : In 18th century there were many scientists, who made useful inventions in the field of agriculture, processing, textiles, transport and other fields. These inventions helped in success of Industrial Revolution. Other than these the invention of steam power further accelerated the Industrial Revolution.