The main reasons for the advent of Europeans in America were as follows :
Propagation of Western Civilisation and Culture : The possibility of converting the people of outer world to Christianity inspired the people of Europe to take to the seas. Spain and Portugal were the countries most influenced by such feelings.
Discovery of precious metals and spices : The victory and occupation of Constantinople by Turks in 1453 caused European trade to decline, and they had to pay more taxes. In addition, the reserves of gold and silver were getting low in Europe. In order to obtain more and more gold, the Europeans were inspired to search for new sea routes.
Aspiration to obtain Political Rights : The political power in Europe lay in the hands of the elite and clergy classes. The other class i. e. the middle class was deprived of political benefits and rights. Disillusioned by the rule in their countries, they were attempting to reach America, where they could establish their own reign.
Expansionist and Colonial Sentiments : Having control over more and more lands and colonising them began to be seen as a symbol of nationalism. This was a sign of prestige among European countries. The rise of cities and industrialisation sped up the process of colonisation. These colonies could become a market for sourcing of raw material and selling of finished products. This is the reason why instead of India, incidentally, America was discovered.
Atrocities of Church : The atrocities and religious persecution at the hand the Church compelled the people of Europe to go to other lands. The Britishers who founded the colony of Plymouth near Massachussets came there in hope of religious freedom. Bloody Wars : Some people were oppressed with the bloody wars between European countries. To get away from these, these people went to America in search of a safe place to live.
Population increase and problem of Rehabilitation of Criminals : Slavery and trading of slaves were prevalent in Europe at those times. Slaves were sold to fight in wars. To escape from this, they began to leave their country to go to America. It was also necesary to find new lands to resettle the growing population and the criminals so that in addition to solving this problem, their economic objectives could also be fulfilled. Banishment from the country was a prevalent punishment at that time. Thus, some people went to America because of this law.
New Awareness about Geography : The book ‘Geography’ written by Ptolemy proved to be a milestone in increasing the people’s awareness about geographical facts. He told Europeans for the first time that the world is round. This mystery inspired brave adventurers to go on vogages.
