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Describe the main causes of the American struggle for Independence in detail. 

Or 

Describe the causative factors responsible for the American Revolution.

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The main reasons of the American revolution were the following 

1. Lack of sympathy and goodwill towards England : Due to religious persecution in England or due to banishment for crime, the Britishers who came to America, and also the other Europeans who came to America had no affection or goodwill towards England.

2. Rise of Intellectual Awakening : The continual progress of education, literature and journalism awakened a feeling of existentialism in the people of America. Thomas Paine spread the feeling of love towards country through his book ‘Common Sense’. Benjamin Franklin founded the American philosophical society where exchagne of new ideas and discussion meets were held. James Ottisi, Patrick Henry and Samuel Adams contributed greatly towards the development of intellectual awakening. Education and journalism also played on important role in increasing intellectual awakening. Harrard college was founded in 1636. The newspaper named ‘Boston Newsletter’ was published in 1704. The gradual development in fields of knowledge and science also inspired the feeling of nationalism.

3. Effects of Seven-year War : The seven-year war for Colonial supremacy between England and France ended in 1763 with the victory of England. The French occupation and influence ended in America. All American French colonies came under England’s control. There was a majority of French Catholic and native Red Indians. Tension prevailed since the very beginning between Red Indians and Britishers. Thus, some reserved areas were given to the natives. Due to this the expansion of area, colonialism stopped there.

4. Tensions between Governor and local legislative Assembly : The conduct of the regime of colonies was done by the executive council constituted by the governor. Both of them were answerable to the British emperor, but the assembly of local people opposed their interference. As a result, there existed tension between them both.

5. The Faulty economic policies and regulations of Gerge III : Emperor George Ill’s Prime Minister Granville, concluded in 1763 that in comparison to the expenditure incurred in America, the income generated from there was less. Thus, he made new plans for American administration in which implementation of direct taxes, stopping smuggling trade and maintaining a permanent army in America were included. Granville made laws to implement direct taxation in America, in which the Sugar Act, Stamp Act, Currency Act, Quartering Act and Tea taxation were the major ones. The above taxation caused Americans not to keep quiet. They argued that the British Parliament had no right to impose taxes on the American people.

6. Demeaning Behaviour towards the Americans : The British officials, soldiers and officers posted in different parts of America considered themselves superior to native Americans, and behaved rudely with them. In the British territory located in America, almost 70 percent American soldiers were treated like animals by British officers. These dissatisfied soldiers served as trained soldiers in the struggle for independence in the American army. It can be said conclusively that these reasons lent impetus to American struggle for independence.

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