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Which were the favourable and helpful major organisations and personalities that contributed towards the unification of italy? Explain in brief.

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The following were the helpful organisations and personalities that contributed towards the unification of Italy:

1. Carbonneiri : This secret organisation was founded in 1810 in Naples. The main objective of this organisation was to drive out foreigners and establish statutory freedom in Italy.

2. Young Italy : Young Italy was founded by Mazzini in 1831. This institution had three slogans : believe in God, brothers unite, and free Italy. Mazzini is considered to be the brain behind Italy’s unification. This organisation instilled the feelings of patriotism, struggle, sacrifice, martyrdom and freedom in the citizens of Italy. Mazzini called upon the people of Italy and said, “Do not pursue any other goal except the vision of a unified Italy. Italy is one nation and it will become one.” Mazzini was an angel in the eyes of patriots who had come to build Italy’s future.

3. Count Cavour (1810-1861) : Cavour was born in an aristocratic family in 1810 at Turin (Sardinia). He wanted to complete the unification of Italy through the Savoy dynasty of Peidmont. To propagate his ideas in this direction, he published a newspaper called ‘It Resurgimento’. In 1852, he was appointed Prime Minister by Victor Emmanuel. Cavour was a pragmatic, diplomatic, political and pro-monarchy person. He was well acquainted with the power and capability of Italy. Thus, he wanted to internationalise the issue of Italy’s unification. Cavour’s internal policy, reforms and foreign policy enabled the unification of Italy and created a new history and geography on Europe’s map.

4. Garibaldi : Guiseppe Garibaldi was born in Nice in 1807. His father was an officer on a merchant ship. This gave him experience of travels across the Mediterranean Sea. He came into contact with patriots during his travels. It was because of him that Naples and Sicily merged in Italy. He was the sword of Italy. He formed a patriotic organisation named ‘Red Coats’ and entered sicily on its strength.

5. Rome : The ruler of Catholic sect, the Pope ruled Rome. The French army also remained in readiness to defend his territory against external aggression. Thus, it was not within Italy’s ability to attack Rome and make other Catholic countries its enemy. The dream of occupying Rome came true when international circumstances became unfavourable to France.

In 1870, war erupted between Prussia and France. France had to put in its entire strength in the war against Prussia. It called in its army from Rome, and yet it was defeated. Italy took advantage of this opportunity and occupied Rome. Rome was made the capital of unified Italy. Victor Emmanuel inaugurated the parliament of unified Italy on July 12,1871. It can be said in conclusion that Mazzini. Garibaldi, Cavour and Victor Emmanuel contributed notably in the unification of Italy. Some scholars call Italy’s unification ‘God’s blessing’ because the people of Italy were used to living and thinking separately for many centuries. They also lacked that level of feelings for unity and freedom that could bring about Italy’s unification. Italy’s unification revolves around Cavour’s political acumen and diplomacy.

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