As a result of the tireless efforts of US president Woodrow Wilson on January 10,1920, the League of Nations was established for world peace. The main office of this union was in capital of Switzerland, Geneva.
Main objectives of League of Nations :
The main objectives of the League of nations are the following :
- To establish peace and security in the world.
- Preventing future wars.
- Disarmament
- Implementation of the stipulations of the treaty of Paris Peace Conference.
- Resolving disputes peacefully between the nations.
- Do good deeds for human welfare.
- Take care of the interests of all the nations.
Parts of the League of Nations :
There were following parts of the League of Nations :
- General Assembly : It was and important part of the League of Nations. To pass the budget of the League of Nations, to appoint judges in the international court, to select temporary members of the council, and to make new members, were the main functions of it.
- Council : There were five permanent members in this powerful body Britain, France, Italy, Japan and America. The main functions of the council were to protect member states from external attacks and organize international conferences.
- Secretariat: The head of the secretariat was called General Secretary. The functions of the secretariat were to prepare information about the critical issues for general assembly and council, to arrange meetings, keep records of treaties, etc.
- International Court : Its headquarter was established in the Hague. There were 15 judges in this. Its functions were to resolve disputes among the nations, to clarify the International laws and to give legal counsel to the general assembly and council.
International Labour Organization : Its main objectives were to improve the condition of labour and their living standards by international efforts. The headquarter of this organization was in Geneva.
The causes of failure of the League of Nations :
- By not following the rules of the League of Nations by the super powers, their personal interests and imperialist desire made the principles of the League of Nations ineffective.
- Member states destroyed international unity and harmony in their ideology of sovereignty and nationalism.
- The principles of security and peace of the League of Nations were ignored by the spread of militarism, communism, capitalism.
- The League of Nations had not any armed force. To implement its decisions, it depended on the armies of the members states.
- The autocratic governments of Italy, Germany, Spain and Portugal did not follow the principles of the League of Nations.
- Due to non-cooperation of the superpowers, the League of Nations could not succeed in its objective.
