After the first World War, Nazi party emerged and ruled under Hitler’s leadership in Germany.
The ideology of this party is known as Nazism.
The causes of rising of Nazism are the following:
1. Abusive Treaty of Versailles : Germany’s economic structure collapsed with the treaty of Versailles and Germany lost all its colonies. Hitler convinced Germany of financial progress, which led to Hitler’s tendency to overturn public opinion.
2. Weimar Republic’s Failure : Due to not being able to establish a skilled and stable government in Germany, people became resentful towards the Weimar Republic. The advantage of this situation was taken by Nazism.
3. Disillusionment with the Democratic System : The people of Germany were not satisfied with the functioning of the democratic system. The public needed such a ruler who could free them from the pitiful condition. So they supported Hitler.
4. The Threat of Communism : Hitler generated (created) a sense of fear towards communism in the minds of the people of Germany, he clarified that communism is a major threat to Germany’s nationalism.
5. Anti-Semitism : Hitler convinced the people of Germany, that he would forgive the Jews’ debt on the German people and expel the Jews out of the country.
6. Hitler’s Impressive Programmes : Hitler could only establish Nazism in Germany by raising confidence in the mind of the German public.
7. Support of German Youth, Soldiers and State Employees : In order to make Nazi programmes successful and oppose disarmament, soldiers, employees, German youths etc. all supported Hitler. It strengthened the Nazi ideology.
8. Traditional Political Ideology : The history of Germany began with the national hero. Public believed in the rule of power that Germany’s people saw in Hitler, so the public supported him.
Results of Nazism (Effects)
- Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, Romania, etc. agreed with the fear of Hitler in unity pact in Geneva.
- Hungary, who neglected the treaty of Versailles, decided to give support to Germany.
- Due to success of Nazism, Poland made a friendship with Germany under an agreement in 1934 AD.
- Communist Russia, frightened by Germany’s rising military power took the membership of the League of Nations.
- France was frightened about its security with the rise of Hitler. As a result, it forged friendship with Italy, Czechoslovakia and Russia.
- Britain adopted a policy of appeasement towards Germany because Hitler was anti-communist. Britain and America thus saw fulfilment of their objectives against Russia.
- The success of Hitler, increased the sense of insecurity among European nations.
- In Hitler’s aggressive personality, the signs of upcoming war began to be clearly visible.
- Hitler unified German nationals (caste) living in Austria, Switzerland, Czechoslovakia and the Baltic states in Germany.
- By cancelling the terms of the treaty of Versailles, Hitler adopted rearmament.
- Hitler signed ‘Anti Communist Pact’ with Japan and Italy and built Rome-BerlinTokyo axis.
- To avenge the treaty of Versailles, Germany broke, the treaty with Poland and attacked Poland, which led to the beginning of II World War.
