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Describe the functions of the main organs of the United Nations Organization (UNO) and its special bodies.

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The United Nations Organization (UNO) was formed on 24th October, 1945. The main objective of establishing this organization was to maintain international peace and security and keep aggressive tendencies in control.

The UNO according to article 4 of the United Nations Charter, it has 6 major organs : 

1. General assembly : This is the main administrator of the UNO in which the representatives of all member states (countries) are included.

The main functions of this :

  • Pass budget 
  • Election of members 
  • Receiving reports from other organs. 
  • Co-operate for human welfare 
  • Trying for international peace and security 
  • Consider the entry, removal, etc. of member countries.

2. Security council: It is the executive of the UNO. There are 5 permanent, 10 temporary and total 15 members. Its main task is to find out the reasons for such a dispute that threatens world peace. Along with this, it has also been planned to regulate the production and deployment of weapons (Arms). It takes action against the invasion of any nation.

3. Economic and Social Council : This institution provides freedom to world from scarcity. 

The main functions of this are :

  • To create favorable conditions for economic and social development. 
  • Commitment to implement fundamental freedoms. 
  • Transmission of records of the related committees to the General Assembly. 
  • Te send information to the security council. 
  • Carrying out the tasks assigned by the General Assembly.

4. Trusteeship council : Its main functions are the following : 

  • Preparing a list of political, social, economic and educational progress of the people of the trustee’s regions. 
  • Examining the report received from the administrative authority. 
  • Touring (visit) the trustee territories for inspection.

5. International Court : This is the UNO’s judiciary. Its headquarter is in the Hague. There are a total of 15 judges in this. 

Judges have three types of jurisdiction: 

  • Voluntary jurisdiction 
  • Compulsory jurisdiction 
  • Advisory jurisdiction

6. Secretariat : The United Nations General Secretary is its chief administrative officer. The Secretary General supervises the administration of the secretariat and recruits the staff. Trigive Lie was the first Secretary General of UNO. At present Baan-Ki-Moon is the Secretary General of UNO.

Specific bodies of UNO : The specific bodies of UNO are following :

  • UNESCO : It was established on 4th November, 1946. New experiment in the field of science, making knowledge universal and accessible to the world, are the main functions of this. Its Headquarter is in Paris. 
  • International Labour Organization (ILO) : It was founded on the basis of the conditions of the treaty of Versailles on April 11, 1919. Its headquarter is in Geneva. It collects information related to the world’s labourers and publishes the report.
  • Food and Agriculture Organization : It was established on 16th October, 1945. Its functions are to increase the production and distribution of food items and improve the level of living standard of rural population. 
  • World Health Organization (WHO) : It was established on 7th April, 1948. It helps the member countries to improve the level of public health. 
  • International Monetary Fund : It was established in December, 1945. Its headquarter is in Washington. Economic development of member countries is its main function. 
  • International Reconstruction and Development Bank (IRDB) : It is also known as World Bank. The World Bank came in existence in June, 1946. Its headquarter is in Washington. It gives loan to member countries for its development. 
  • UNICEF : It was established in 1946, with the aim of providing relief to children. Its head office is in New York. 
  • World Trade Organization (WTO) : It was established on January 1st, 1995. Its head office is in Geneva and it acts as a platform for discussions on any future issues related to trade and tariffs. 
  • Human Rights Declaration (HRD) : This Declaration accepted an December 10th, 1948 ensured that no person will be discriminated against on the basis of race, colour (Varna), gender, religion, language, property and birth.

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