In 1992 in Rio De-Janeiro in Brazil convened environment and development conference, also known as Earth summit’. More than 150 representatives of the world participated in it.
The important subjects related to the environment were discussed in the summit.
1. Issue Related to Climate Change : Earth summit on climate change in Rio-deJaneiro was ratified by the member countries in which they pledged to reduce the emission of harmful gases to the level of 1990 by 2000. It was also decided to establish Global Environment Facility (GEF), a world bank for financial assistance.
2. Protection of Biodiversity : The nations which participated in this summit hoped to protect biodiversity of the world.
3. Agenda 21 : In this conference a historic document Agenda 21 of 800 pages was also prepared. It highlighted the important points which needed the attention of the world. Also under Socio-economic council of UNO, sustainable development commission was established.
4. Financial Help to Developing Countries for the Implementation of Agenda 21: In the earth summit 1992 the developing countries tried to prove the fact that developed countries were more responsible for the damage of environment in comparison to developing countries. Thus developed nations accepted their greater responsibility and agreed to provide financial assistance through ‘Agenda 21’.
5. Criticism of Developed Countries for not Shouldering the Responsibility of Environmental Pollution : The representatives of the summit showed environmental concerns, however they resisted the ratification of treaties related to this. For this action 77 developing countries criticised developed countries in Rio-De-Janeiro summit for not shouldering the responsibility of environmental pollution.
