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Write an explanatory note on MRI.

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Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI):

  • MRI was discovered by F. Bloch and E.M. Purcell independently and they shared the Nobel prize in 1952.
  • In this technique, there dimensional images of body organs are obtained without using X – rays & other radiations.
  • MRI detects water because it focuses on the behaviour of hydrogen atoms in water molecules.
  • MRI distinguishes between water-poor & water abundant tissues. The tissues with little water such as bones & teeth do not appear in MRI.
  • This technique is based on the natural behaviour of protons of hydrogen atoms and the most abundant source of protons are the hydrogen atoms in the water molecule.
  • MRI is used mainly to study organs like brain & spinal cord, to examine joint injuries & slip discs and to visualize minute cancerous tumours.
  • MRI is based on the phenomenon known as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR).
  • During MRI testing, the patient is positioned in a two-meter wide chamber of an MRI scanner.
  • This chamber is surrounded by a large cylindrical electromagnetic field that produces a very strong magnetic field and waves.
  • Because of the very high magnetic field, nuclei of the hydrogen atom get activated and release radio signals.
  • These signals are processed by a computer. Through the processing of radio signals, thin high contrast images are obtained.
  • The MRI images are much better than the images obtained by CT scan.
  • They provide high contrast, using MRI technique, images from all body axis can be obtained.
  • Although MRI is a costly technique it is very helpful for the diagnosis and study of the brain and spinal cord.
  • This technique can clearly differentiate between the white and grey matter of the brain.

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