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Explain in detail the concept of the Cycle of Erosion.

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American Geomorphologist, William Morris Davis propounded the concept of Cycle of Erosion in 1899. He explained, “During the period of Erosion Cycle, the uplifted terrain on being eroded, transforms into shape – less pedeplain.” For the presentation of Cycle of Erosion, Davis considered the three elements important: structure, process and stage. These three are known by the name of Trikoot of Davis. 

Their brief description is as follows:

1. Structure: First, rock structure develops on a terrain. After that, various landscapes form there. 

2. Process: In the development of landscapes or land forms, any of the transformational processes like river, wind, waves, glacier, underground water, etc. plays a vital role. 

3. Stage: Like human life, there is a certain period of time for the development of landscapes. In the Erosion Cycle, Davis considered the direct connection between uplift and erosion. According to him, one of the two processes of uplift and erosion takes place at a time. When there is uplift, there is no erosion; and when there is erosion, there is no uplift. Erosion begins only when the uplift ends. 

The Erosion Cycle of Davis is classified into the following three stages:

  • Youth Stage 
  • Mature Stage 
  • Old Stage.

Youth Stage: In this stage, erosion begins after the ending of uplift. In this stage, the river flows along an uneven surface and there is intensive bottom erosion, the gradients are steep and the erosion is rapid. The rapid deepening of the channel leads to the formation of V-shaped valleys.

Mature Stage: In this stage, lateral erosion begins whereby the valleys begin to widen rather than deepen. In this stage, the velocity of rivers reduces due to gentle slope, and this decreases their transportation capacity. Most of the rivers get levelled according to the base surface of the erosion.

Old Stage: In this stage, unevenness of the earth’s crust reduces. The entire area transforms into a pedeplain. Absolute and relative relief both are minimized. The valleys become shallow and extremely broad, and their lateral slope is concave in shape.

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